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Study of the effect of myocardial fibrosis on elemental distribution in rat soft tissues using Laser Ablation ICP-MS
Machalová, Martina ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Vašinová Galiová, Michaela (advisor)
The most common cause of death in the Czech Republic continue to be cardiovascular diseases. The field of heart failure therapy still keeps moving forward. Yet myocardial fibrosis is one of the consequences and causes of heart failure for which there exists no effective medical care. The solution would be predicting the advancement of fibrosis and a preventive therapy. Many medical methods are being developed now in this regard, and the element distribution in affected tissue could help them. That is the reason why this work centers on the research of the element distribution in rat hearts with an induced myocardial fibrosis. An influence of sample couloration on the analysis was observed during its course. Special attention was paid to the distribution of iron in the fibrotic tissue as well as to the comparisson of the images of myocardial fibrosis. It seems that the iron distribution specificly could be helpful in recognising a damaged myocardium.
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Causal interaction analysis of cardiovascular signals
Tiurina, Mariia ; Kolářová, Jana (referee) ; Svačinová, Jana (advisor)
Application of the non-invasive methods to detection of the baroreflex sensitivity is a correct way to evaluate the functions of cardiovascular system. This master’s thesis describes the theoretical informations about the problem of baroreflex sensitivity from anatomical, patalogical and clinical views. Theoretical knowledges are foundation for mathematical description of some methods to detection of baroreflx sensitivity in time, frequency and information dimensions. In the practical part of the master’s theses are presented two methods of BRS detection – sequence method based on finding the specific sequences of time series signals and method of application bivariante autoregressive model. Both of methods are implemented in MATLAB. The results of testing data on real data are discussed.
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Analysis of the acute effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy on electrocardiogram
Holík, Jiří ; Vítek, Martin (referee) ; Pospíšil,, David (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the non-pharmacological treatment of symptomatic heart failure, specifically cardiac resynchronization therapy. The introductory research develops the topic as a whole and prepares the author and the reader for the subsequent practical part. The latter focuses on the analysis of selected parameters that undergo acute change after pacemaker implantation. According to the instructions of the assignment, a functional pilot software for QRS complex detection, heart rate calculation and QRS complex dimensioning for some leads has been implemented. Furthermore, the heart rate variability in the frequency domain is analysed and the results are tabulated.
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Software Tools for the Analysis of Cardiac Depolarization in Patients with Heart Failure
Smíšek, Radovan ; Richter, Aleš (referee) ; Nováková, Marie (referee) ; Kolářová, Jana (advisor)
Heart failure is a disease in which the heart cannot adequately supply the body with oxygenated blood. Approximately 2% of people in the developed world have heart failure, which is increasing. Cardiac resynchronization therapy, which involves the implantation of a biventricular pacemaker, is used in patients with ventricular dyssynchrony to suppress or at least reduce the symptoms of heart failure. The problem is that 30–50% of patients do not benefit from performed resynchronization therapy. The correct patient selection and the pacemaker implantation and set-up method influence the success rate. The thesis proposes methodologies and software to facilitate the selection of patients suitable for cardiac resynchronization therapy, select the correct pacing lead placement, and optimize pacemaker settings. The developed software is based on standard parameters used in clinical practice (QRS duration, presence of left bundle branch block, classification of heart rhythm) and, in addition, on the analysis of ultra-high-frequency ECG, which provides more detailed information on cardiac activation than the standard parameters used. The developed software helps patients in 16 hospitals in the Czech Republic and abroad.
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Evaluation of biosignals and quality assessment of heart assist devices
Kalužová, Adéla ; Vlk,, Daniel (referee) ; Bernard,, Vladan (advisor)
The first part of this bachelor thesis deals with technical problems of apparatuses for heart assistance Heart Mate II LVAD and Levitronix, which are connected with components of apparatuses, parametrs of apparatuses, function of apparatuses, indications and contraindications. In the next part there is description of various biosignals, which are measured according to application of heart support aparatuses. The next aim of this bachelor thesis is suggestion of evalution biosignals, which are monitored and collection of clinical data in which I will statistically evaluated the results and these results will be compared each other and with physiological values. The final aim of this thesis is a reflection of the advantages and disadvantages of the apparatus and discussion.
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MR imaging and MR spectroscopy of human during physical stress (MR spectroscopy imaging, MR diffusometry, MR relaxometry etc.)
Šedivý, Petr ; Hájek, Milan (advisor) ; Haberlová, Jana (referee) ; Vymazal, Josef (referee)
The dissertation is concerned to in vivo phosphorus MR spectroscopy (31 P MRS) and 1 H MR imaging (MRI) of muscle in combination with physical workload. The theoretical part of the thesis describes methodology of 31 P MRS measurement and its clinical use in research of metabolic changes in diabetes, heart failure and peripheral artery disease (PAD). The results of the thesis are divided into methodical and clinical parts. Methodical results deal with the construction of experimental equipment, software modification and development, and show of the reproducibility of the dynamic 31 P MRS. The MRI after exercise was used to the describe involvement of the individual calf muscles to muscle contraction during pedal movement in MR compatible ergometer. The first part of the clinical results of the thesis describes changes in muscle metabolism during diabetes and critical ischemia. In patients with critical ischemia the effect of treatment by angioplasty or transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells was evaluated. In the second part of the clinical results the metabolism of patients with heart failure complicated by sideropenia was studied. In these patients the effect of experimental treatment by iron carboxymaltose was described.
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Analysis of the effect of CRT implantation on heart rate variability
Sakmárová, Klára ; Smíšek, Radovan (referee) ; Pospíšil,, David (advisor)
This master´s thesis deals with non-pharmacological treatment of heart failure, cardiac resynchronization therapy. The thesis includes a literature search from the mentioned area, which focuses mainly on cardiac resynchronization therapy, the cardiovascular system, the origin and propagation of the action potential, heart failure and the mathematical processing of ECG signals. The practical part is devoted to the analysis of selected parameters in pre- and post-implantation ECG recordings. In the Matlab, a program solution of the selected procedures for detecting QRS complexes and measuring ECG recordings is made. Furthermore, an analysis of heat variability is performed.
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The quality of life of patients with HeartMate 3 artificial cardiac support
Eliašová, Gabriela ; Bakusová, Tereza (advisor) ; Komínek, Tomáš (referee)
The bachelor's thesis deals with the quality of life of patients with HeartMate 3 artificial heart support. This thesis is divided into a theoretical and an empirical part. The theoretical part deals with the basic description of the heart, its anatomical and physiological structure. It deals with the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Basic data regarding HeartMate 3 artificial cardiac support and nursing care for percutaneous cable dressing are described here. The empirical part is devoted to qualitative research, which is conducted in the form of interviews with five patients at IKEM on a standard cardiac surgery inpatient ward. It examines what symptoms the heart failure patients have started to manifest and what limitations they have in their daily life due to the HeartMate 3. It tries to find out self-sufficiency in personal hygiene in the shower, when dressing the percutaneous cable, physical activity at home and outside, and the ability to travel. Keywords: heart failure, quality of life, artificial heart support, HeartMate 3
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Education as a part of modern nursing in patients with heart failure
CHÁROVÁ, Martina
Introduction: The submitted bachelor's thesis deals with the issue of education of patients with heart failure syndrome. The theoretical part mainly contains a brief insight into the anatomy and physiology of the heart, which is followed by a detailed description of the heart failure syndrome, its division according to various criteria, types of its diagnosis, clinical symptoms, its consequences and methods of treatment. The theoretical part also contains the theoretical basis with an emphasis on modern methods of patient education in general, including special procedures for the education of patients with heart failure syndrome. The theoretical part on education also discusses, among other things, the possibilities of using information and communication technologies in patient education and the involvement of the aforementioned technologies in the care of patients with heart failure and in their treatment, i.e. the use of a remote version of education, monitoring and implementation of treatment. Target: The empirical part of the work deals with the influence of education on the awareness of patients with heart failure and the level of their knowledge about the said disease. The methodology: To carry out the research, a special questionnaire was created, through which data was obtained documenting the level and quality of currently conducted education of patients regularly visiting heart failure clinics, the extent of their knowledge about the mentioned disease, and the respondents' satisfaction with the content of the education and the methods of its implementation. Since the created hypotheses following the established research questions work significantly with the gender of the respondents, the aforementioned questionnaire contained a question regarding the gender of each individual respondent. The results: The answers of the respondents, obtained from several specialized workplaces, were subsequently subjected to statistical investigation. The results of the evaluation show that the gender of the respondents does not significantly affect the degree of their education and does not play a fundamental role in the evaluation of how satisfied the patients are with the education provided. Conclusion: On the basis of the obtained results, graphs were prepared, illustrating in detail the evaluation of the respondents' answers to the individual parts of the created questionnaire. The results of the work can serve as study material for any health professional or student who shows a deeper interest in this issue.
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Role of echocardiography in the evaluation of functional and structural changes of the myocardium
Rob, Daniel ; Linhart, Aleš (advisor) ; Pudil, Radek (referee) ; Málek, Filip (referee)
Echocardiography plays a key role in the evaluation of functional and structural changes of the heart. Fabry disease (FD) is a genetic (X-linked) lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the gene for alpha-galactosidase A. Cardiovascular involvement is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in FD. The aim of our work was to refine the diagnosis and risk stratification of Fabry cardiac involvement using echocardiography. In the first part of our retrospective project, we analysed the relationship between the uric acid level, development, and progression of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and adverse events. Our results showed a strong relationship between uric acid level and progression of LV hypertrophy, mortality, and cardiovascular events. Uric acid can be used as a marker of cardiovascular risk in FD. In the second part of our retrospective project, we analysed the diagnostic value of tissue doppler imaging (TDI) of mitral annular velocities in Fabry cardiomyopathy. Despite the lower TDI mitral annular velocities in FD, the overlap with the general population is too large to allow reliable diagnosis of FD in routine clinical practice. In the prospective study, we analysed the prevalence, characteristics, prognosis and validity of the current echocardiographic criteria for heart...
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